Chapter 3: Use of maps on the Web

URL 3.1 The website of ITC's Division of Geoinformatics, Cartography and Visualisation: http://www.itc.nl/carto/
URL 3.2 Non-geospatial category map of entertainment: http://ai2.bpa.arizona.edu/ent/entertain1/
URL 3.3 Directory of German WWW.ervers: http://entry.de/
URL 3.4 Dutch Yellow pages: http://www.goudengids.nl/
URL 3.5 Microsoft's Expedia Maps: http://maps.expedia.com/
URL 3.6 Historical maps Bremen University: http://gauss.suub.uni-bremen.de/
URL 3.7 Radar simulation precipitation in the Netherlands: http://weerkamer.nl/
URL 3.8 Latest Atlantic hurricane information: http://hurricanes99.com/
URL 3.9 Real-time traffic congestion map of Athens: http://www.transport.ntua.gr/map/
URL 3.10 Predicted traffic flow in Duisburg: http://www.traffic.uni-duisburg.de/
URL 3.11 Real-time positions of sailing-boats: http://www.roundtexel.com/
URL 3.12 National Geographic's Map Machine: http://plasma.nationalgeographic.com/mapmachine/
URL 3.13 PCL Map Collection: http://www.lib.utexas.edu/Libs/PCL/Map_collection/Map_collection.html
URL 3.14 Deaths from cholera in London, 19th July to 2nd October 1866: http://www.geog.qmw.ac.uk/gbhgis/gisruk98/index.html#cholera
URL 3.15 Make your own map: http://www.aquarius.geomar.de/omc/make_map.html
URL 3.16 Limited interactivity: http://www.lonelyplanet.com.au/dest/
URL 3.17 Dutch High-Speed Line Project: http://www.hslzuid.nl/noh/trace/noh_trace_tracekaart.html
URL 3.18 Lycos World Atlas. This website is replaced by Encarta World Atlas: http://encarta.msn.com/maps/mapview.asp

Harrower, M., Keller, C.P. and Hocking, D., 1997, Cartography on the Internet: thoughts and a preliminary user survey. Cartographic Perspectives, (26), pp. 27-37.
Krygier, J., 1999, World Wide Web mapping and GIS: an application for public participation. Cartographic Perspectives, (33), pp. 66-67.
Lawrence, S. and Giles, C.L., 1999, Accessibility and distribution of information on the Web. Nature, (400), pp. 107-109.
Library, University of California, Berkeley, 1999, Important things to know before you begin searching the Web. Teaching Library Internet Workshop. http://www.lib.berkeley.edu/TeachingLib/Guides/Internet/ThingsToKnow.html (accessed 7.11.1999).
MacEachren, A.M., 1994, Visualization in modern cartography: setting the agenda. In Visualization in modern cartography. Modern Cartography, Volume Two, edited by MacEachren, A.M. and Taylor, D.R.F., (Oxford: Elsevier Science Ltd. / Pergamon), Chapter 1, pp. 1-12.
MacEachren, A.M. and Kraak, M.J., 1997, Exploratory cartographic visualization: advancing the agenda. Computers & Geosciences, 23 (4), pp. 335-344.
Peterson, M.P., 1997, Cartography and the Internet: introduction and research agenda. Cartographic Perspectives, (26), pp. 3-12.
Wright, B., 1999, The National Atlas of the United States of America. In Proceedings of the Seminar on Electronic Atlases and National Atlas Information Systems in the Information Age, held at the University of Iceland (Reykjavik), 1998, edited by Gylfason, A., Köbben, B., Ormeling, F.J. and Trainor, T., (ICA Commission on National and Regional Atlases), pp. 35-40.

URL 3.19 CIESIN Demographic Data Viewer: http://plue.sedac.ciesin.org/plue/ddviewer/
URL 3.20 Casweb of MIDAS: http://census.ac.uk/casweb/ or http://jimmy.mcc.ac.uk/caswebb/
URL 3.21 Exploring Leicester Census data with Descartes: http://www.kinds.ac.uk/kinds/ or http://kandinsky.mcc.ac.uk/VisGat/Descartes/testDescartes.asp
URL 3.22 National Atlas of the USA: http://www.nationalatlas.gov/
URL 3.23 Alexandria Digital Library: http://www.alexandria.ucsb.edu/adl.html
URL 3.24 Northern Light search engine: http://www.northernlight.com/
URL 3.25 HotBot search engine: http://www.hotbot.com/
URL 3.26 Search Engine Watch: also with web searching tips http://searchenginewatch.com
URL 3.27 Ask Jeeves search engine: http://www.askjeeves.com
URL 3.28 Oddens' Bookmarks: http://oddens.geog.uu.nl/index.html
URL 3.29 Cartography Resources on the Web: http://geog.gmu.edu/projects/maps/cartogrefs.html or http://monarch.gsu.edu/jcrampton/maps/

URL 3.30 The American Factfinder website of the U.S. Census Bureau: http://factfinder.census.gov/java_prod/dads.ui.homePage.HomePage
URL 3.31 ArcData Online geodata source: http://www.esri.com/data/online/index.html
URL 3.32 Global Spatial Data Infrastructure homepage: http://www.gsdi.org/
URL 3.33 EuroGeographics homepage: http://www.eurogeographics.org/

URL 3.34 Links to sites related to geospatial data infrastructures: http://www.gsdi.org/links.html
URL 3.35 Canadian Geographical Data Infrastructure GeoConnections: http://cgdi.gc.ca/
URL 3.36 CEONet clearinghouse (Canada): http://ceonet.cgdi.gc.ca/
URL 3.37 U.S. National Spatial Data Clearinghouse custom search form with map as search tool: http://fgdclearhs.er.usgs.gov/customsearch.html
URL 3.38 Looking for a house in Germany?: Draw a polygon around the area of interest ("Erweiterte Suche"): http://www.rdm.de/cgi-bin/rdmscript.cgi?visorHTMLTemplate=visorsuche_Rz.html&visorPositionAtX
=null&visorPositionAtY=null (German language) .

Andrienko, G., Andrienko, N. and Carter, J., 1999, Thematic mapping in the Internet: exploring Census data with Descartes. In Proceedings TeleGeo'99, Lyon, France, edited by Laurini, R., (Lyon: Claude Bernard University of Lyon), pp. 138-145.
Ashdowne, S., Cartwright, W. and Nevile, L., 1997, A virtual atlas on the World Wide Web: concept, development and implementation. In Proceedings, Volume 2, of the 18th International Cartographic Conference ICC97, Stockholm, edited by Ottoson, L., (Gävle: Swedish Cartographic Society), pp. 663-672.
Bakker, N.J., Elzakker, C.P.J.M. van and Ormeling, F.J., 1987, National atlases and development. ITC Journal, (1), pp. 83-92.
Baumann, J., 1999, Geotechnology spices up France's premier yacht race. Geofeature: GIS / Web-based Mapping. GEOEurope, 8 (4), pp. 38-39.
Chen, H., Houston, A.L., Sewell, R.R. and Schatz, B.R., 1998, Internet browsing and searching: user evaluations of category map and concept space techniques. Journal of the American Society for Information Science, 49 (7), pp. 582-603.
Dykes, J.A., 1998, Cartographic visualization: exploratory spatial data analysis with local indicators of spatial association using Tcl/Tk and CDV. The Statistician, 47 (3), pp. 485-97.
Elzakker, C.P.J.M. van and Koussoulakou, A., 1997, Maps and their use on the Internet. In Proceedings, Volume 2, of the 18th International Cartographic Conference ICC97, Stockholm, edited by Ottoson, L., (Gävle: Swedish Cartographic Society), pp. 620-627.
FGDC (1999), Home page Federal Geographic Data Committee. http://fgdc.er.usgs.gov/index.html (accessed 11.11.1999).

This chapter (as well as the next) is written from the perspective of the WWW user who is looking for answers to geographical questions. It deals with aspects of processes of using maps on the Web, whereas Chapter 4 is written from the perspective of the user as a person.
Chapter 3 starts with presenting the real benefits for the user of the WWW medium for the dissemination of geospatial data by means of maps, compared to, for instance, a CD-ROM. These benefits are summarised under two main headings: accessibility and actuality. A next section provides examples of different modes of using web maps, as a further deepening of the basic classification of web maps already presented in Chapter 1. The modes of using web maps -illustrated by various examples- are related to different map use goals, as positioned in the so-called "map use cube". It is indicated what kind of web map use research is required, so as to be able to develop more effective cartographic tools to better serve the needs of the users.
In a separate paragraph attention is paid to the process of finding and retrieving maps and geodata on the overwhelming WWW. Some possible tools are discussed, like (meta) search engines, subject directories, hybrid search tools, subject guides and specialised databases. A final section deals with the roles web maps may play in geospatial data infrastructures and their clearing houses. First of all, the geodata retrieved may come to the user in web map form. But web maps may also be used as part of the searching mechanism and as preview of the geospatial data to be downloaded.

Last updated March 27, 2002